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AI CURATION

Briefly describe your symptoms
to the smart Goldman AI.

Enter your question.
  • e.g. I urinate frequently and always feel residual urine
  • e.g. I feel a burning pain when I urinate
  • e.g. Itchy, stinging blisters on my genitals

Male Infertility

Detailed testing of reproductive function lets us diagnose male infertility systematically.

Male infertility treatment
is done right only when it starts with urology.

From precise diagnosis to treatment,
Goldman's expertise makes the difference in results.

SINCE 2002, the hub of AI smart healthcare

SINCE 2002, the hub of AI smart healthcare

SINCE 2002, the hub of AI smart healthcare

SINCE 2002, the hub of AI smart healthcare

What is male infertility?

Male infertility is a condition in which problems with sperm production or sexual function make natural conception difficult.
It includes cases involving qualitative or quantitative sperm problems, such as sperm count, motility, or morphology, as well as difficulty with erection or ejaculation.
A man at a consultation

Male infertility: what are the causes?

The causes of male infertility range from physical factors (sperm abnormalities, hormonal problems, varicocele) to smoking, stress, obesity, and other lifestyle factors and genetic causes, so it is important to identify the cause through accurate diagnosis.
  • Man having his blood pressure taken

    Physical factors

    Sperm abnormalities, hormonal problems, varicocele, infection, structural abnormalities, and
    a range of other physical factors can cause male infertility.
  • Genes

    Genetic Factors

    Chromosomal abnormalities or genetic defects affect sperm production
    and can be a root cause of male infertility.
  • Alcohol and cigarettes

    Lifestyle Factors

    Smoking, drinking, stress, obesity, heat exposure, and medication use
    can impair sperm function and lead to infertility.
Motif image

Male infertility screening:
what methods are available?

We assess sperm and reproductive health with semen analysis, hormone tests, ultrasound, and genetic testing to find the cause of male infertility.
Image symbolizing STD testing

STD and Infertility Testing

We accurately test for STIs and infertility to support healthy family planning.
Medical staff performing an examination

Urological Disease Testing

If kidney, urinary tract, or genital abnormalities are suspected, detailed testing follows the basic workup.
Ultrasound Examination

Ultrasound Examination

Scrotal ultrasound diagnoses varicocele, and surgery is considered if needed.
Image symbolizing prostate examination

Prostate Examination

It detects kidney and bladder tumors, urinary tract obstruction, and orchitis; transrectal ultrasound examines the prostate.
Blood test

Basic Blood Test

Blood cholesterol and liver function tests reveal systemic factors that may affect reproductive function.
A man at a consultation

Male sexual function testing

For problems such as premature ejaculation or erectile dysfunction, we test in detail to find the cause.

Staying ahead with an advanced digital analyzer:
Goldman's sperm and semen analysis

Goldman's digital sperm and semen analyzer minimizes sperm loss and makes results more objective and accurate.

Results in under 30 minutes, with same-day consultation

High accuracy through automated analysis

High reliability, based on the latest WHO criteria

Advanced digital analyzer

Male infertility treatment:
how does it proceed?

Male infertility has many causes and symptoms, so testing and treatment must fit each person's condition.
Based on an accurate diagnosis, we provide tailored treatment and choose the right approach, such as medical (drug) therapy or hormone therapy.
  • Medication

    Medication Therapy

    Medication is used depending on factors such as hormonal imbalance, infection, or inflammation; male hormone supplements and antibiotics help relieve symptoms and support sperm production.
  • Medical team performing surgery

    Surgical treatment

    Surgical treatment for conditions such as varicocele improves blood flow and enhances sperm quality, and congenital abnormalities or obstructions can also be corrected surgically.

From varicocele treatment to vasectomy reversal surgery!
Goldman is in a different league.

What is a varicocele?
A varicocele is a condition in which the veins around the testicle become abnormally enlarged, occurring mainly on the left side.It is found in 20~40% of infertile men, and the scrotum may feel lumpy or have a soft mass.
What causes a varicocele?
Over 85% of varicoceles occur in the left testicle, where the vein is longer and more prone to blood pooling and reflux.
Illustration of varicocele anatomyJoins at a gentle angle, so blood flows freelyJoins at a right angle, so blood flows poorlyRight arteryLeft arteryThe left vein is longer than the right Illustration of varicocele anatomyJoins at a gentle angle, so blood flows freelyJoins at a right angle, so blood flows poorlyRight arteryLeft arteryThe left vein is longer than the right
  • Illustration showing dilated, tangled veinsDilated, tangled veins are visible Illustration showing dilated, tangled veinsDilated, tangled veins are visible
    How a varicocele looks
  • Valves that normally stop blood flowing backwardThe valves stop blood flowing backward Valves that normally stop blood flowing backwardThe valves stop blood flowing backward
    Normal
  • Veins dilated and twisted by refluxed bloodBackflow widens and twists the veins Veins dilated and twisted by refluxed bloodBackflow widens and twists the veins
    Advanced varicocele
Is a varicocele a major cause of male infertility?
Varicocele is one of the leading causes of male infertility, found in about 35% of infertile men and 85% of men with recurrent pregnancy failure.
It lowers sperm count and motility and raises the proportion of abnormal sperm, making conception difficult.
Why a varicocele harms sperm quality

01 From the adrenal glands and kidneys, toxic metabolites flow backward

02 Venous blood pools and raises the temperature inside the scrotum

03 Pooled venous blood causes oxygen deficiency

04 Within the testicle, male hormone levels decline

How is a varicocele diagnosed?
Varicocele is diagnosed step by step, from a simple physical examination to semen analysis and Doppler ultrasound examination.
The appropriate diagnostic method is chosen according to your symptoms and condition for an accurate assessment.
  • Physical examination
    Physical examination
    Because the signs can disappear when lying down, the examination is done standing, checking whether lumpy varicose veins are visible or can be felt inside the left side of the scrotum.If diagnosis is difficult, you may be asked to bear down to raise abdominal pressure for a clearer check.
  • Illustration of semen analysis
    Semen analysis
    A varicocele lowers sperm motility and, in severe cases, can cause infertility.When a varicocele is confirmed, a semen analysis is therefore performed as well.
  • Doppler ultrasound screen
    Doppler ultrasound
    Doppler ultrasound shows the varicocele directly, so it gives the most accurate diagnosis.It reveals the size of the testicle as well as the size and number of the dilated veins, so it is used frequently.
How is a varicocele treated?
Varicocele is treated with microscopic surgery that ties off the dilated veins. The operation takes about 30 minutes to 1 hour, with same-day discharge and a quick return to daily life.
Recurrence and complication rates are low, but if treatment is delayed, testicular function may be difficult to recover, so early treatment is important.
Goldman's Key Points in Varicocele Treatment
  • Local anesthesia improves patient comfort and reduces complications.
  • Goldman's own precise verification process minimizes recurrence.
  • A minimal incision means little discomfort, no scarring and an excellent cosmetic result.
  • Fast recovery and a prompt return to daily life.
  • It improves sperm quality with a high pregnancy success rate. 
What is vasectomy reversal surgery?
Vasectomy reversal is divided into vasovasostomy, which reconnects the divided vas deferens when pregnancy is desired after a vasectomy, and vasoepididymostomy, which locates the site where sperm are present and connects it to the vas deferens when azoospermia has occurred because the epididymis is blocked.
Vasovasostomy (vas-to-vas anastomosis) Vasoepididymostomy (epididymis-to-vas anastomosis)
Candidates and purpose When pregnancy is desired after a vasectomy When a blocked epididymal duct causes azoospermia
Description Surgery that reconnects the divided vas deferens — the standard method of treating male infertility Delicate microsurgery locates sperm in the tiny epididymal duct and joins that point to the vas deferens
How is vasectomy reversal surgery performed?
  • Illustration of vasovasostomy (vas-to-vas anastomosis)
    Vasovasostomy (vas-to-vas anastomosis)
    A two-layer anastomosis that separately joins
    the inner mucosal layer and the outer muscular layer
  • Illustration of vasovasostomy (vas-to-vas anastomosis)
    Vasovasostomy (vas-to-vas anastomosis)
    If the epididymis is blocked, surgery is performed
    to connect the vas deferens directly to the epididymis
How successful is vasectomy reversal surgery?
Surgical success is judged by the 'patency rate': the vas deferens is considered patent when it is properly reconnected and sperm are found in the semen.
Even when sperm are confirmed, however, pregnancy can depend on many other factors.
Timing of surgery Patency rate Pregnancy rate
Within 5 years of the vasectomy About 90% About 60~70%
10 or more years after the vasectomy About 80% About 10~30%
※ Delaying surgery sharply lowers the pregnancy rate.
Surgical Cases (CASE)
A patient who had a vasectomy 7 years ago:
2 million sperm confirmed after vasectomy reversal
  • Before surgery

    About 5 million sperm confirmed in the right vas deferens

    Sperm before surgery
  • After surgery

    Semen analysis found about 1–2 million sperm

    Sperm after surgery
Finding sperm in a semen analysis after vasectomy reversal is proof that the surgery was successful.
At Goldman, precise microsurgery delivers a high success rate, and vasectomy reversal effectively raises the chances of natural conception.

Questions about male infertility? Get answers now.

Goldman's know-how gives clear answers to patients' questions.
  • The cost of a vasectomy reversal can vary depending on the time elapsed since the vasectomy, the degree of damage to the vas deferens, and the surgical method (vas-to-vas or vas-to-epididymis connection), among other factors. The cost may also differ depending on whether microsurgery under a microscope is used during the procedure.

  • The cost of a vasectomy reversal can vary depending on the surgical method and the condition of the vas deferens. In general, the cost may be around 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 KRW, and it may differ depending on whether precision microscopic surgery is used and the difficulty of the operation. We will give you an exact cost after confirming your condition at your consultation.

  • Yes. Varicocele is a condition eligible for national health insurance coverage. However, non-covered costs may be included depending on the additional tests or certain treatment methods performed at the clinic.

  • Varicocele surgery is usually performed using the microsurgical varicocelectomy technique under a microscope. Because the condition is covered by national health insurance, the out-of-pocket cost is roughly a few hundred thousand won, and it may vary depending on the tests performed and whether you are admitted

  • The cost of varicocele treatment can vary depending on the surgical method, lesion severity, and whether hospitalization is needed, among other factors.In general, it costs approx. KRW 1,100,000 (excluding hospitalization fees), and it may differ depending on the tests and treatment methods used.We will give you an exact cost after your consultation.

  • The reconnected vas deferens knits firmly in about a week.But sperm pass freely only once the partly blocked epididymis reopens and the hematoma and swelling at the site fully resolve.So a semen analysis about a month after surgery checks for sperm; if found, pregnancy is possible.

  • To help the reconnected site heal well, you should rest sufficiently for 2–3 days, and for about a week it is best to avoid strenuous exercise and prolonged sitting.

  • Yes, national health insurance covers it.To counter the worsening birth-rate decline, the government introduced policies encouraging childbirth.Under them, vasectomy lost insurance coverage while vasectomy reversal remains covered.

Real treatment stories
as told by patients and medical staff

From the start of treatment to recovery!Real stories build trust.

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